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Learning through play is a term used in education and psychology to describe how a child can learn to make sense of the world around them. Through play children can develop social and cognitive skills, mature emotionally, and gain the self-confidence required to engage in new experiences and environments.〔Human growth and the development of personality, Jack Kahn, S usan Elinor Wright, Pergamon Press, ISBN 978-1-59486-068-3〕 Key ways that young children learn include playing, being with other people, being active, exploring and new experiences, talking to themselves, communication with others, meeting physical and mental challenges, being shown how to do new things, practicing and repeating skills and having fun.〔Learning, playing and interacting. Good practice in early years foundation stage. Page 9〕 == Play == According to proponents of the concept, play enables children to make sense of their world. Children possess a natural curiosity to explore and play acts as a medium to do so. In the book ''Einstein Never Used Flash Cards'', five elements of children’s play are listed:〔Einstein Never Used Flash Cards, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Rodale Inc., ISBN 978-0-08-023383-3〕 *Play must be pleasurable and enjoyable. *Play must have no extrinsic goals; there is no prescribed learning that must occur. *Play is spontaneous and voluntary. *Play involves active engagement on the part of the player. *Play involves an element of make-believe. Definitions of play *Creativity Role play and pretend play involves creativity, such as: making props to use or finding objects to be used as props. Play can also be creative when the person involved constructs building blocks, uses paint or uses different materials to build an object. Creativity is not about the end product but the process of the play scenario. *Imagination Imagination is used during play when the person involved creates images in their minds to do with their feelings, thoughts and ideas. The person then uses these images in their play.〔Bruce, T. (2011). ''Learning Through Play: For Babies, Toddlers and Young Children'' (2nd ed). London: Hodder Education.〕 Seven common characteristics of play are listed in ''Playing and Learning'', by Beverlie Dietze and Diane Kashin: Play is active, child-initiated, process oriented, intrinsic, episodic, rule-governed, and symbolic.〔Playing and Learning, Beverlie Dietze, Diane Kashin, page 46,Pearson Prentice Hall, ISBN 978-0-13-512546-5〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Learning through play」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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